유럽특허에 의해 부여되는 권리
Article 64 Rights conferred by a European patent
(1)A European patent shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, confer on its proprietor from the date on which the mention of its grant is published in the European Patent Bulletin, in each Contracting State in respect of which it is granted, the same rights as would be conferred by a national patent granted in that State. (2)If the subject-matter of the European patent is a process, the protection conferred by the patent shall extend to the products directly obtained by such process.
(3)Any infringement of a European patent shall be dealt with by national law.
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Art 64(1) EPC에 따라 원칙적으로 등록 공고 (mention of its grant) 이후 개별 국가에서의 특허와 동일한 권리를 가짐.
제법 발명 제품에도 미침.
침해는 개별 국가 법에 따라 다뤄짐.
그런데, 번역문이 요구되는 국가들이 있음.
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Article 65
Translation of the European patent
(1)Any Contracting State may, if the European patent as
granted, amended or limited by the European Patent Office is not drawn up in
one of its official languages, prescribe that the proprietor of the patent
shall supply to its central industrial property office a translation of the
patent as granted, amended or limited in one of its official languages at his
option or, where that State has prescribed the use of one specific official
language, in that language. The period for supplying the translation shall
end three months after the date on which the mention of the grant,
maintenance in amended form or limitation of the European patent is published
in the European Patent Bulletin, unless the State concerned prescribes a
longer period.
(2)Any Contracting State which has adopted provisions
pursuant to paragraph 1 may prescribe that the proprietor of the patent must
pay all or part of the costs of publication of such translation within a
period laid down by that State.
(3)Any Contracting State may prescribe that in the event
of failure to observe the provisions adopted in accordance with paragraphs 1
and 2, the European patent shall be deemed to be void ab initio in that
State.
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Art 65(1)(2) EPC에 따라, 체약국은 등록 후 3개월 이내에 번역문 및 공고 비용 요구할 수 있고, Art 65(3)EPC 에 따라 이것을 준수하지 않으면 처음부터 무효인 것으로 간주할 수 있음.
UP는 등록 후 1개월 내에 request되어야 함.
번역문 관련하여 런던 협정이 있음:
- London Agreement Article 1(1) : EPO의 공식 언어 중 하나와 공통되는 공용어를 사용하는 국가는 제65조 제1항 EPC에 규정된 번역 요건을 완전히 면제 - 유형 1
- London Agreement Article 1(2): 유럽특허청의 공용어 중 하나와 공통의 공용어를 가지고 있지 않은 국가는 다음의 경우에 제65조 제1항에 규정된 번역 요건을 면제 - 유형 2:
- 해당 국가에 의해 미리 정해진 EPO 공식언어로 등록된 경우; 또는
- Art 65(1) EPC에 따라 상기 미리 정해진 EPO 공식언어로 번역되고 제출되는 경우
- London Agreement Article 1(3): 그러나 이러한 국가에서는 청구항을 자국 공식 언어 중 하나로 번역하여 제출할 것을 요구할 수 있음.
국가별 특허 발효 시점
- (유형 1) 벨기에, 프랑스, 독일, 아일랜드, 룩셈부르크, 모나코, 스위스/리히텐슈타인 또는 영국
- 특허 등록 후에 아무런 조치를 취하지 않아도 자동으로 유럽 특허가 효력이 있음. 갱신료 지불기한은 별개의 문제.
- (유형 2) 덴마크, 핀란드, 헝가리, 아이슬란드, 라트비아, 리투아니아, 네덜란드, 노르웨이, 슬로베니아, 크로아티아, 스웨덴, 및 마케도니아
- EPO 공식 3개 언어 중 하나의 명세서, 자국 언어로 청구항 제출 및 비용 지불 후에 유럽 특허가 소급하여 효력이 있음.
한편, 임시 보호 (provisional protection)는?
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Article 67
Rights conferred by a European patent application after
publication
(1)A European patent application shall, from the date of
its publication, provisionally confer upon the applicant the protection
provided for by Article 64, in the Contracting States designated in the
application.
(2)Any Contracting State may prescribe that a European
patent application shall not confer such protection as is conferred by
Article 64. However, the protection attached to the publication of the
European patent application may not be less than that which the laws of the
State concerned attach to the compulsory publication of unexamined national
patent applications. In any event, each State shall ensure at least that,
from the date of publication of a European patent application, the applicant
can claim compensation reasonable in the circumstances from any person who
has used the invention in that State in circumstances where that person would
be liable under national law for infringement of a national patent.
(3)Any Contracting State which does not have as an
official language the language of the proceedings may prescribe that
provisional protection in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 above shall not
be effective until such time as a translation of the claims in one of its
official languages at the option of the applicant or, where that State has
prescribed the use of one specific official language, in that language:
(a)has been made available to the public in the manner
prescribed by national law, or
(b)has been communicated to the person using the invention
in the said State.
(4)The European patent application shall be deemed never
to have had the effects set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 when it has been
withdrawn, deemed to be withdrawn or finally refused. The same shall apply in
respect of the effects of the European patent application in a Contracting
State the designation of which is withdrawn or deemed to be withdrawn.
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Art 67(1) EPC : 출원공개 이후 Art 64 EPC에 의해 부여되는 보호를 부여해야 함.
Art 67(2) EPC : 하지만 체약국은 Art 64에 의한 보호를 주지 않는다고 규정할 수 있고, 체약국 개별 특허보다 보호가 적어서는 안되며, 최소한 합리적인 보상은 부여받아야 함.
Art 67(3) EPC: 각 체약국은 언어와 관련하여 임시 보호를 위한 요건을 미리 정할 수 있음.
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